Low-carbon fuels such as biofuels and electrofuels are derived from non-fossil sources and have net lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions much lower than those of equivalent fossil fuels. Many of MITEI’s research projects analyze the techno-economics and life cycle emissions of various low-carbon fuels, including pathways to produce hydrogen, biofuels, methanol, and ammonia. We are also analyzing hydrogen densification for storage and transport, use-case scenarios for trucks, ships, and airplanes, and the role of low-carbon fuels in supporting grid reliability.