Abstract

Paolo Mastropietro is a research associate professor at the Universidad Pontificia Comillas in Madrid. He is an environmental engineer specializing in energy and sustainability. Before entering academia, he worked in the private sector in several European countries, and in 2011, he was selected for the UNV (United Nations Volunteers) Program and served for 1 year as project officer at the UNEP (United Nations Environmental Program) Liaison Office in Addis Ababa. Paolo has extensive experience in research and consultancy projects for private companies and public national and international institutions. Pablo Rodilla is a research associate professor at the Universidad Pontificia Comillas in Madrid, where he serves as coordinator of the Energy Regulation and Economics area. He is a professor of energy economics and electric power systems regulation at the ICAI School of Engineering. In 2015–2016, he was a visiting scholar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He has also provided research and consultancy services to governments, regulators, international institutions, industry associations, and utilities. Carlos Batlle is an associate professor at the Universidad Pontificia Comillas in Madrid, where he teaches energy economics and electric power systems regulation. Since 2011, he is a member of the MIT Energy Initiative, where, as part of the Electric Power Systems Low-Carbon Energy Center, he has been leading research projects and supervising PhD and master’s dissertations. He is a part-time professor at the Florence School of Regulation (FSR), where he is member of the Training Program for European Energy Regulators and director of the FSR Annual Training on the Regulation of Energy Utilities.